The two-child policy came into effect on April 5, 2017. A particular aspect of the new rules, known as the „rape clause” [30], has sparked controversy. Although the policy excludes all but the first two children from all available benefits, an exemption may be sought if the conception of the third and other children occurred as a result of the plaintiff`s rape. A woman who wants to apply for this exemption has to fill out an eight-page form: „I had already had two children, but my heart just didn`t feel well,” says the woman, now 50, who works part-time in a cannery. NPR does not use her name to protect her identity because of the trauma she has suffered. „I thought that was it – if I didn`t have this child, my body couldn`t have more.” Chinese parents who have children born outside the country`s one-child policy protest before the Family Planning Commission to lift their fines in Beijing on January 5, 2016. For decades, China`s family planning policies have limited most urban couples to one child and rural couples to two if their first was a girl. Ng Han Guan/AP Hide the legend Vietnam has had a population policy for more than 50 years. It was launched by the Vietnamese government in North Vietnam in the early 1960s and now continues in a modified form throughout Vietnam (not just in the north). [34] The guideline emphasizes the official goal of family size to be một hoặc hai con, which means „one or two children.” [35] Barrow SP. China`s one-child policy. JAMA.

2016;315(21):2349–50. The organizational structure of the two-child policy has been placed under various government units since its conception in the 1960s. When the policy of „initiation in the 1960s to 1970s; Maturity in the 1980s-1990s; and legalization in the years 2000-2010”,[34] the administration of population policy has also changed. From 1961 to 1983, the Population Programme was under the Ministry of Population and Birth Control. From 1984 to 2002, it was under the control of the National Committee on Population and Family Planning. From 2003 to 2006, he was under the responsibility of the Vietnam Commission on Population, Family and Children. Since 2007, the Population Programme has been subordinate to the General Office for Population and Family Planning. [34] As we have shown in Table 1, with the gradual liberalization of the two-child policy (BTCP, PCVB, UTCP), the age of parturients increased significantly, the percentage of parturiants aged 30 to 34 and ≥ were 35 years old, there were more women of advanced maternal age who gave birth. The proportion of CDs has decreased significantly. After the two-child policy, more women gave birth to their second child, multiparous women increased significantly, from 40.7% at the BTCP stage to 47.2% at the PCVB stage and 56.6% at the UTCP stage. The number of women who have been and are in education has increased significantly. Births delivered at the municipal hospital have increased.

There was a statistically significant difference in mean birth weight, but regression analysis showed that average birth weight at different stages of population policy was not related to the CRU (Pearson correlation coefficient, r = 0.002, P = 0.246). Neonatal mortality decreased significantly (8.4‰, 6.7‰, 5.9‰, χ2 = 44.49, P < 0.01). The SRB of dead newborns increased significantly at different stages, the percentage of female baby deaths was 48.2% at the BTCP stage, and it decreased to 43.7% at the PCTTO stage and 43.9% at the UTCP stage, which showed that the proportion of female baby deaths gradually decreased (F = 30.83, P < 0.01). Our study showed that in China, the CRU as a whole has fallen to a normal level with the gradual liberalization of the two-child policy after the one-child policy. The two-child policy has been a very important factor in the context of the decline of the CRU. The two-child policy has also yielded good results, such as a lower MC rate, fewer girl deaths, fewer sex-selective abortions. For the Chinese government, there has been much to be done to improve the level of maternal health care, ensure the well-being of women of childbearing age and reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications.